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What are fundamental rights?
Model-written, not yet read by a native reader.
Correct answer: The basic rights and freedoms that everyone must respect. Fundamental rights are the basic rights and freedoms that everyone must respect. They protect the well-being of each person. They guarantee dignity, respect, equality and justice. Source: the Ministry of the Interior sheet “Introduction aux droits fondamentaux” (in French).
Sources: Sheet “Introduction aux droits fondamentaux” (French), read on 21 October 2026. Answer written by Hexaciv from this source. Hexaciv is an independent preparation tool. It is not an official website, is not linked to any government body and does not give legal advice. The authoritative source is the Ministry of the Interior's, cited on this page.
The four choices and why
- ✗ Rights reserved for people over 18Des droits réservés aux personnes de plus de 18 ansThey are the same before and after age 18.
- ✗ Rights that change with each person's religionDes droits qui changent selon la religion de chacunThey are the same, whatever people believe.
- ✗ Rules of politeness with no value in lawDes règles de politesse sans valeur dans la loiThey are rights guaranteed by the State and written in legal texts.
- ✓ The basic rights and freedoms that everyone must respectLes droits de base que tout le monde doit respecterCorrect answer. Fundamental rights are the basic rights and freedoms that everyone must respect. They protect the well-being of each person. They guarantee dignity, respect, equality and justice.
What the source says
« sont les droits et les libertés élémentaires que tout le monde doit respecter pour assurer le bien-être de chacun »
Sentence copied word for word from the source, in French, read on 21 October 2026.
How it reads on exam day
The exam is in French, so this is the question you will see: « Que sont les droits fondamentaux ? ». Learn the English idea above and the French words in the options.
This question comes from the list of the naturalisation version of the exam (PDF relayed by Le Français des affaires, read on 14 October 2026; the Ministry's own page for this list did not answer). The list's wording: “Que sont les droits fondamentaux ?”.
Where the Ministry explains it
Sheet “Introduction aux droits fondamentaux” (French).
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